25 Feb 2013
OIL & GAS
INDIA ENERGY: Proposed refinery transfer price change negative
for refiners; implementation will be at the cost of (a) closure of
refineries impacting product supplies or (b) alternate
compensation mechanism for refiners; hence difficult to
implement
Indian Oil & Gas sector is currently undergoing significant change and clarity is
unlikely to come in near‐term. During this flux, as expected, there will be many
positive as well as negative news flow which will have meaningful likely impact
on the underlying companies. However, we believe that the underlying theme of
recent diesel reforms is to (a) price petroleum products in‐line with market, (b)
improve financial situation of government and oil companies so as to empower
companies to tackle country’s Energy Security needs (to the extent possible) and
ensure adequate supplies in view of strong demand growth.
On the various likely policy decisions, recent media articles indicate that the
Indian Finance Ministry, in its efforts to reduce under recoveries, has proposed
to shift the pricing methodology of auto fuels from current ‘Trade Parity’ basis
to ‘Export Parity’ basis. However, Petroleum Ministry is opposing this move as
this would impact the profitability of many refineries and would also result in
losses for some.
Our View
We believe that the proposed change will be difficult to implement given the
low profitability of PSU refiners. The combined PAT of all oil PSU’s (HPCL, BPCL,
IOCL, MRPL and CPCL) was only INR 145b during FY12 v/s proposed likely impact
of ~INR150b. The impact on private refiners (RIL and Essar) could be to the tune
of INR30b (RIL EPS impact of ~7%).
However, in the worst case, if Finance ministry is successful in pushing through
this change, then the government will have to think of some alternate way to
compensate the refineries for these losses. As closure of refineries would mean
inadequate product supplies in the country and just for the sake of short‐term
fiscal problem, we do not think government will undertake such a harsh step.
The ongoing diesel reforms are positive for the sector and for OMC’s would
likely result in the 10‐25% savings in interest cost over the next 2 years leading
to higher earnings. In OMC’s, BPCL is our top pick due to its E&P upside
potential.
Where is this pricing methodology used?
This pricing methodology is used to decide the ‘Refinery Transfer Price’ i.e.
selling price of petroleum products (petrol/diesel) from refineries to marketers.
E.g. the pricing of diesel/petrol sold by MRPL/RIL/Essar/CPCL to OMC’s
(HPCL/BPCL/IOCL) is based on ‘Refinery Transfer Price’.
What does the proposed change in methodology mean?
The current pricing methodology i.e. Trade Parity is calculated as weighted
average of Import Parity and Export Parity in the ratio of 80:20.
The change from Trade Parity to Export Parity will reduce the product pricing as
the notional benefit of freight and import duties (part of Import Parity Pricing)
will not be available in the Export Parity pricing (refer the exhibit below).
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Based on the latest fortnight pricing; for diesel, it would mean INR1.8/ltr
(~USD5.4/bbl) of lower realization and at current Diesel volumes (Petrol is
deregulated), we estimate the savings of INR156b in under recoveries.
Who will be impacted by change in the pricing methodology?
If change in the pricing method is done, then the refining profitability (GRM) will
be impacted. The total savings of INR152b in under recoveries will be the loss of
refiners. Oil PSU refiners will be impacted most due to their already lower
profitability compared to private players.
Shift from ‘Trade Parity’ to ‘Export Parity’ will reduce the realization of refiners
on Diesel and Petrol by ~USD5/bbl. Assuming the share of Diesel and Petrol at
35% and 10% respectively in the refinery product slate, the GRM would be
impacted by ~USD2/bbl.
SHIFT FROM TRADE PARITY TO EXPORT PARITY COULD SAVE INR156B IN UNDER RECOVERIES THROUGH DIESEL (PETROL ALREADY
DEREGULATED)
Different Pricing Methodologies
Import parity pricing (IPP):
IPP represents the price that importers would pay in
case of actual import of Diesel at the respective Indian port (including – product
cost, freight charges from foreign country to Indian Port, and customs duty).
Export parity pricing (EPP):
EPP represents the price which oil companies would
realize on export of diesel i.e. FOB price of product plus advance license benefit
(ALB) (for duty free import of crude oil pursuant to export of refined products).
Consequent to abolition of Customs Duty of Crude oil effective June 25, 2011, the
ALB is currently nil.
Trade parity pricing (TPP): Trade Parity Price is 80% of IPP & 20% of EPP effective
June 16, 2006 as per recommendations of Rangarajan Committee Report.
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Oil & Gas
OIL PSU’S GRM SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER THAN RIL (USD/BBL)
OIL PSU’S TOTAL PAT IS LOWER THAN THE IMPACT OF PROPOSED
PRICING METHOD (INRB)
ARGUMENTS SUPPORTING TRADE PARITY PRICING IN 2006 BY RANGARAJAN
COMMITTEE
Trade Parity Pricing ‐ What is it and Why?
Import parity pricing has been a commonly used approach in a regulatory
context or in making a case for tariff protection.
The argument in support of this approach is that in a situation where there is no
domestic manufacture of a product, the cost of supplying it in the domestic
market will be the landed cost which is the import parity price.
However, even in a situation where there is domestic manufacture, import
parity price can be taken as the international competitive price that sets the
ceiling for the domestic price.
When domestic refiners are given the import parity price, they enjoy a rent
which is equivalent to the differential in ocean freight and associated costs as
between crude and products. In such a situation, there is case for mandating the
refiners to share the rent with public interest.
The fact that a part of the domestic production is exported indicates that
domestic refiners, or at any rate domestic refiners with modern technology and
locational advantage, are not at a disadvantage compared to foreign refiners.
Using this as an argument for pegging the domestic price to the export parity
price for all refiners will be unrealistic.
It is in the light of the above considerations that the Committee felt that trade
parity pricing which is a weighted average of import and export parity prices
should be used as a guide. Such trade parity pricing also provides some degree
of protection to domestic refineries.
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Oil & Gas
Petroleum Product Pricing in India: Historical Perspective
25 Feb 2013
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Oil & Gas
VALUATION SNAPSHOT FOR THE OIL AND GAS SECTOR
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Oil & Gas
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