The term "short selling" refers to the act of selling stocks that you do not own. When you have a stock in your demat account, selling it and sending a delivery instruction is a straightforward process. If you hold a stock and you have a poor outlook on it, you may sell it. You may purchase the shares again later when the price has corrected to lower levels. But what if you don't have any equity in the company? Is it still possible to sell the shares you don't own? That is the essence of short selling.
On a day-to-day basis, intraday short selling
This is the simplest and most straightforward method of short selling. The Indian equities markets have been using a rolling settlements mechanism since 2001. That is, after you have entered into a purchase or sell transaction, you may close the position the same day. If you didn't square off on the same day, you'll have to accept delivery on the T+2 day. Intra-day short selling involves selling a stock before the start of the day in the hopes that the price will fall throughout the day, allowing you to close your position before the conclusion of trading.
But what if you have a long-term bearish outlook on the stock
If you have a very short term outlook on the company, intraday short selling is a solid option. But what if you have a bearish outlook on the stock but believe it will turn around in the next few months? An intraday short sell will obviously not benefit you in this situation. The Stock Lending and Borrowing Mechanism will be the solution (SLBM). Though you have an unfavorable perspective on a stock, you may sell it even if you haven't received delivery of it under the SLBM. Subsequently, using the SLBM window, you may borrow the stock from another investor who has delivery in the stock and then deliver it. Stock borrowing is usually for a certain length of time, with a maximum term of 12 months. The stocks must be returned to the lender at the conclusion of the time, and an interest fee must be paid to the stock lender. After taking in the interest cost, the stock borrower who has sold the stock short wants to earn a profit.
Recognizing the primary advantages of short selling
Contrary to common belief, short selling is a value strategy that works against the market. When you see something with positive value, you purchase it, and when you see something with negative value, you sell it. That's all there is to short selling. The following are some of the most important benefits of short selling:
The majority of traders and investors are fixated on the long side of the market. Short selling allows you to engage on both sides of the market, lowering your total risk of market trading. Markets that are too reliant on long holdings are more likely to become typical case studies for a larger crisis. When there is short selling in the market, the market's momentary froth dissipates, making the market considerably safer.
Short selling may also be used as an indirect way of hedging. Let's imagine you have a portfolio of equities that are difficult to short owing to liquidity concerns. Instead, you may short sell the index in futures or another high-correlation stock that can act as a proxy for your current portfolio. As a result, the total risk is lowered.
Short selling provides traders with an extra source of liquidity and profitability. A short seller is producing two-way liquidity while simultaneously giving market support in the form of short covering. There is also a stockholder who may make money by renting his or her shares to a short seller.
Derivatives as better option
The fact that stock lending is now only allowed on stocks that allow derivatives is one of the reasons why it hasn't taken off in a major manner. That becomes obsolete since people who wish to short these stocks may do so in the futures or options markets. Furthermore, unlike the SLBM, no additional executions in the cash market and subsequently in the SLBM market are required. Once the SLBM is expanded to non-F&O equities, the product might truly take off. As a result, a substantial number of mid-cap companies will fall within the stock lending umbrella, ensuring that short selling takes off in a major manner.
For a number of reasons, derivatives have developed as a useful instrument for selling short. To begin with, these trades may be leveraged with just a tiny margin. In reality, it becomes more fractional in the case of options, and it also includes reduced statutory expenses. Second, at least in the near month term, both futures and options are quite liquid. As a result, the chance of high impact costs is low. Finally, since derivative short positions may be carried forward at a premium to succeeding months, it has developed as a more efficient technique of carrying forward a short position!
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