BY MOFSL
2025-09-05T10:45:00.000Z
6 mins read
FATCA and CRS Declaration for NRI Investors
motilal-oswal:tags/nri-investment-in-india,motilal-oswal:tags/nri-demat-account
2025-09-05T10:45:00.000Z

FATCA and CRS Declaration

Respecting global tax laws is crucial while making investments in India as a Non-Resident Indian (NRI). FATCA and CRS are critical necessities that all NRI investors need to be aware of. By making certain openness in international financial transactions, each seeks to prevent tax avoidance. The entire FATCA and CRS forms, their functions, and the significance of FATCA and CRS declarations for NRI investors will all be covered on this blog.

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What is FATCA?

The Overseas Account Tax Compliance Act is the entire name. With the intention of stopping American taxpayers who have assets and interests overseas from evading taxes, the United States applied it in 2010. Under FATCA, the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (IRS) has to acquire reports from foreign financial institutions (FFIs), which include Indian banks, mutual funds, and insurance companies, on money held with the aid of U.S. citizens and residents. To guarantee adherence to tax rules, NRIs' investments in India will be reported to the IRS if they are nationals or tax citizens of the United States. ​

What is CRS?

CRS is a term for the Common Reporting Standard within the context of FATCA. not like FATCA, which only applies to U.S. taxpayers, the worldwide framework known as CRS was advanced by the Organisation for Financial Co-operation and Development (OECD). More than 100 nations, including India, can automatically share financial data thanks to CRS. To make sure traders are paying the perfect amount of tax in their domestic jurisdictions, tax governments from numerous nations trade statistics through CRS. for example, under CRS, Indian establishments will divulge the funding records to united kingdom tax authorities if an NRI makes an investment in mutual funds in India, however is a tax resident in the United Kingdom.

Why FATCA and CRS Declarations are Important for NRI Investors

When making an investment in Indian mutual funds, shares, or other monetary items, non-resident Indians (NRIs) should adhere to FATCA and CRS. NRIs must complete a FATCA and CRS declaration as part of the know your customer (KYC) technique prior to investing.

Key Reasons for Importance:

FATCA vs CRS: A Comparison

Feature
FATCA (Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act)
CRS (Common Reporting Standard)
Applicability
Only applies to taxpayers and citizens in America, including non-resident foreigners (NRIs) who own a U.S. passport, a green Card, or who fulfill the necessities for U.S. tax residency.
Applies to global taxpayers across 100+ participating countries, including NRIs who are tax residents outside India (except the U.S., which follows FATCA separately).
Introduced By
Enacted by the USA government in 2010 to prevent offshore tax evasion as part of the hire Act.
Launched by the OECD in 2014 as a multilateral initiative for the automatic exchange of financial account information among member countries.
Purpose
to discourage tax evasion in distant places via requiring U.S. taxpayers to disclose their overseas assets and earnings.
To create a global standard for tax transparency, ensuring residents of participating countries cannot hide income in foreign financial institutions.
Reporting To
The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) of America gets information from financial institutions on the debts and investments of U.S. residents.
Financial institutions report investor data to local tax authorities (e.g., the Indian Income Tax Department), which then exchange the data with the investor’s country of residence.
Investor Impact
has an immediate effect on the US people and NRIs having a US tax residence, who are required to disclose their tax facts prior to making investments in India. Account limits or withholding taxes may result from noncompliance.
Impacts all NRIs with foreign tax residency (outside India), as their investment information is automatically shared with their home country’s tax department under CRS.

FATCA and CRS Declaration Process for NRIs

Step
Description
1. Fill KYC Form
At the time of investment, NRIs must complete the KYC form, which includes FATCA and CRS details.
2. Provide Tax Residency Information
Investors need to declare their country of tax residency along with the Tax Identification Number (TIN).
3. Submit FATCA/CRS Declaration Form
The declaration can be submitted either online or offline, depending on the financial institution’s process.
4. Verification by Institution
The bank, AMC, or financial institution verifies the information and shares it with the relevant tax authorities.

Key Details Required in FATCA/CRS Declaration

Information Required
Why It’s Needed
Name, Date of Birth, Nationality
To establish investor identity
Country of Tax Residency
Determines the tax reporting country
Tax Identification Number (TIN)
Unique number for tax reporting
Citizenship and Passport Details
To identify multi-country status
Occupation and Source of Income
To ensure compliance with AML norms

Consequences of Not Submitting FATCA and CRS Declaration

Consequence
Description
Rejection of Investment Applications
Without FATCA and CRS declarations, KYC remains incomplete, and financial institutions may reject new investment applications.
Freezing of Accounts
If self-certification is not submitted, banks and mutual fund accounts can be frozen, preventing further transactions.
Reporting Penalties
Non-compliance can lead to penalties under U.S. tax laws (for FATCA) or global tax reporting regulations (for CRS).
Restrictions on Redemptions/Withdrawals
Investors may face restrictions on redeeming or withdrawing money from mutual funds or other financial assets until declarations are filed.

FATCA and CRS for Mutual Fund Investors

Buyers in mutual budget are required to comply with FATCA and CRS. Before permitting NRIs to make investments, Asset management companies (AMCs) in India are required to attain FATCA and CRS declarations. This implies that NRIs will not have the ability to buy or redeem their mutual fund units if they no longer complete the self-certification process. In order to keep openness, the declarations guarantee that investment records are communicated to the correct tax authorities. AMCs guard themselves and investors from regulatory infractions by upholding those standards.

Example Scenario:

FATCA/CRS and Double Taxation

Double taxation, in which the same profits can be subject to taxes in both India and the place of residency, is a significant worry for non-resident Indians. FATCA and CRS filings permit authorities to exchange economic records internationally without delay, enforcing taxes. This permits tax authorities to precisely track sales and guarantees transparency in global investments. If an NRI's earnings are taxed in each nation, they can claim comfort through Double Taxation Avoidance Agreements (DTAA). investors may additionally decrease their tax duties and stay in conformity with international rules by utilising DTAA.

Conclusion

FATCA and CRS declarations are more than simply compliance requirements for NRI investors; they are necessary to preserve smooth funding possibilities in India, assure transparency, and prevent fines. NRIs may additionally make sensible financial choices while adhering to global tax laws by comprehending the FATCA full form and the CRS complete form inside the FATCA context.

Read More - NRI Demat account mistakes | Power of attorney in NRI demat account | Bond investing for NRIs | PIS essentials for NRIs trading | Documents for NRI Demat

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is a FATCA declaration?

It is a self-certification form where investors disclose their U.S. tax residency status while making investments in India.

What is a CRS declaration?

CRS declaration is a disclosure of an investor’s country of tax residency for global reporting purposes.

Is FATCA applicable to all NRIs?

No, FATCA applies only to NRIs who are U.S. citizens or tax residents.

Do I need to file both FATCA and CRS declarations?

Yes, financial institutions usually ask for both to comply with Indian regulations.

What happens if I don’t file a FATCA/CRS declaration?

Your investment account may get blocked, and you won’t be able to invest or redeem units.

Can I update my FATCA/CRS details later?

Yes, NRIs can update details if their tax residency status changes.
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